Related ResearchLaboratory of Sensorimotor Research (LSR) Multisensory Computation Laboratory Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute (SK) General References |
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Joel M Miller, PhD Lab Direction & Management |
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Kenneth K Danh, BS Lab Factotum |
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Vanitha Sankaranarayanan, MS Realtime Programming |
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Dirk Strasser, MS Data Compiler |
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Mona Sane, DNB, MRCOphth |
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Joseph L Demer, MD, PhD |
Paul DR Gamlin, PhD |
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Angel M Pastor, PhD |
Dinesh K Pai, PhD |
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Alan B Scott, MD |
Christine Wildsoet, OD, PhD |
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Martin Wiesmair, DI(FH) |
Orbit 1.8™ on Intel® Run Orbit 1.8 under OSX 10.5 Leopard® and OSX 10.6 Snow Leopard® on your Intel Mac! The Orbit 1.8 Gaze Mechanics Simulation remains the most powerful, reliable, and informative simulation of ocular static mechanics and strabismus. When OSX was introduced in 2001, Orbit 1.8, being a MacOS 68K application, ran only in "Classic" emulation mode. Unfortunately, with OSX 10.5 (Leopard), Classic disappeared. "Orbit 1.8 on Intel" (OOI) is a good solution to this problem. |
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Bupivacaine injection Treatment of Strabismus Bupivacaine dissociates sarcomeres, allowing satellite cells to rebuild a muscle at reduced length if its antagonist is temporarily weakened with a small dose of Botox. Seven comitant strabismus cases averaged 20 pd correction.
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Understanding and Misunderstanding Extraocular Muscle Pulleys As evidence has mounted for the critical role of extraocular muscle (EOM) pulleys in normal ocular motility and disease, opposition to the notion has grown more strident and less coherent. We review the stages through which pulley theory has developed, distinguishing passive, coordinated, weak differential, and strong differential pulley theories and focusing on points of controversy. There is overwhelming evidence that much of the eye's kinematics, once thought to require brainstem coordination of EOM innervations, is determined by orbital biomechanics. The main criticisms of pulley theory only apply to the strong differential theory, abandoned in 2002. Critiques of the notion of dual EOM insertions are shown to be mistaken. The role of smooth muscle and the issue of rotational noncommutativity are clarified. We discuss how pulley sleeves can be stabilized as required by the theory, noting that more work needs to be done in specifying the tissues involved.
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EOM Force Coordination
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Bupivacaine injection Treatment of Strabismus (NIH/NEI CoPIs: Alan B Scott, Joel M Miller) Existing strabismus treatments rely on compensatory impairment of EOMs. Bupivacaine is a selective myotoxin with effects similar to mechanical overloading: myofiber destruction followed by rapid regeneration. We intend to harness its potential to increase contractile & elastic muscle forces as unique treatments for strabismus and other muscle disorders.
Bupivacaine dissociates sarcomeres, allowing satellite cells to rebuild a muscle at reduced length if its antagonist is temporarily weakened with a small dose of Botox. Seven comitant strabismus cases averaged 20 pd correction.
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Neural Control of a Complex Oculomotor Plant (NIH/NEI PI: Joel M Miller) Motor control issues raised by conflicts between classical motoneuron studies and physiologic EOM force measurements • Forces in convergence (Paper • Sample Data) |
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Biomechanics of the eye, surrounding tissues and innervations • Computer model for researchers and clinicians |
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Extraocular Tissue Architecture 3-D architecture of the extraocular space, distinguishing striated muscle, smooth muscle, collagen, elastin, and other tissues. Techniques include MRI, histochemistry and 3D reconstruction from distorted slices using hierarchical warping and intrinsic fiducials |